C´y-bnse hmWn-Py-{]-[m-\-amb ]pjv]-§-fnð kuµ-cyhpw kuc`yhpw H¯p-tNÀón-«pÅ A]qÀÆw Nne ]pjv]-§-fn-sem-ómWv Syq_vtdm-kv. ]q¡Ä A[n-I-\mÄ hmSm-Xn-cn-¡p-ó-Xn-\mð Hcp I«v ^vfhÀ Fó coXn-bnepw s_ms¡ \nÀ½m-W-¯nepw CXn\v KWy-amb Øm\-ap-ïv.

C\-§Ä

Syq_vtdm-kn\v km[m-c-W-ambn Hä-hcn Zf-§-fp-Å-h, ctïm aqtóm hcn Zf-§Ä DÅ-h, aqónð IqSp-Xð hcn-Z-f-§Ä DÅh Fón-§s\ aqóp Xcw ]q¡Ä Iïp-h-cp-óp. Ce-I-fnð hc-I-fpÅ thcn-tK-äUv hn`m-K-¯nðs¸« C\-§-fp-ap-ïv. 

Hä-hcn Zf-§-fp-Åh

irwKmÀ, Ið¡-«- kn-¦nÄ, saIvkn-¡³ kn¦nÄ, kphÀ®-tcJ.

cïp-hcn Zf-§-fp-Åh

Ið¡« U_nÄ, t]Ä, kphm-kn\n.

]cn]me\w

\Soð

\ñ \oÀhmÀ¨bpw hf-¡qdpw DÅ ]in-a-cmin a®n-emWv sNSn-IÄ \ómbn hf-cp-I.  XWð IqSp-X-epÅ Øe-§-fnð sNSn-I-fpsS Dbcw IqSp-Ibpw ]q¡-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw tami-am-Ip-Ibpw sN¿pw.

CXnsâ `qIm-Þ-amWv (_Ä_p-IÄ) \Sm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó-Xv. sNdnb _Ä_p-Ifpw \Smw. `qImÞ¯n\v DÅn-tbmSv cq]-km-Zr-iy-ap-ïv. Htc-¡À Øe¯v \Sm³ 320 apXð 360 In. {Kmw hsc `qImÞw thïn-h-cpw. tabvþPqsse amk-§-fmWv \Sm³ tbmPn¨ ka-bw. \Soð hkvXp 7þ10 sk. ao. Bg-¯nepw 20 x 25 sk. ao. AI-e-¯n-ep-ambn \S-Ww. ssPh-hfw 30 S¬/slIvSÀ Fó tXmXnepw NPK hf-§Ä 100 : 50 : 50 In. {Kmw/slIvSÀ Fó tXmXnepw sImSp-¡-Ww. ]IpXn ss\{S-P\pw apgp-h³ t^mkv^-dkpw s]m«mjpw \Spó ka-b¯v Xsó tNÀ¡mw. _m¡n ss\{S-P³ ]qhn-Sp-ó-tXmsS \ðI-Ww. Imem-h-Ø-b-\p-k-cn¨p 5þ10 Znh-k-¯n-sem-cn-¡ð \ñ-h®w \\-bv¡-Ww.  Gähpw IqSp-Xð ]q¡-fp-ïm-Ip-óXv Pqsse-bnepw HIvtSm-_-dn-ep-am-Wv.

Ipän-hnf

BZys¯ hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\p-tijw ]q´-ïp-IÄ apdn¨p amän hfw tNÀ¯v \\-bv¡-Ww.  Hcp {]mhiyw \«mð aqtóm \mtem XhW Ipän-hnf FSp-¡mw. aqóp \mep XhW hnf-sh-Sp-¯-Xn-\p-tijw IS-IÄ ]dn-s¨-Sp¯v _Ä_p-IÄ hoïpw \«n-sñ-¦nð ]q¡-fpsS hep¸w Ipd-bpw.

kky-kw-c-IvjWw

H¨p-I-fpw, ]pð¨m-Sn-I-fpw, \ocq-än-¡p-Sn-¡pó sNdp {]mWn-I-fp-amWv {][m\ i{Xp-¡Ä.  Ch-bvs¡-Xnsc ame-¯n-tbm-Wpw, ImÀ_m-dnepw {]tbm-Kn-¡mw. \nam-hn-csb \nb-{´n-¡p-ó-Xn\v ImÀt_m-^p-dm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. ]q¡-sfbpw Ce-I-sfbpw _m[n-¡pó IpanÄtcm-Khpw Dïm-Im-dp-ïv. GsX-¦nepw IpanÄ\m-in\n Hgn¨v IS-bv¡se a®v IpXnÀ¡p-óXv IpanÄtcm-K-§sf \nb-{´n-¡m³ klm-b-I-am-Wv.

hnf-sh-Sp¸v

Syq_vtdmkv ]pjv]n-¡m³ \«v 50 Znhkw apXð 100 Znhkw hsc kabw Bh-iy-am Wv. hn]-W-\-co-Xnsb B{i-bn¨v thWw ]q¡Ä Adp-s¯-Sp-¡m³. AXn cmhn-setbm sshIp-tó-ctam apdn-¡p-ó-XmWv \ñ-Xv. ]q¦p-e-I-tfmSv IqSn cïn-e-IÄ hc-¯-¡-hn[-¯n-emWv apdn-t¡-ï-Xv. IqSp-Xð Ce-IÄ \jvS-s¸-Sp-óXv _Ä_p-I-fpsS Dev]m-Z-\s¯ _m[n-¡pw. apdn-s¨-Sp¯ DSs\ ]q¦p-e-I-fpsS apdn-`mKw shÅ-¯nð ap¡n- h-bv¡-Ww.
]q¡Ä am{Xw ]dn-s¨-Sp¯pw hn]-W\w sN¿m-dpïv. apf-sIm-ïpÅ Ip«-I-fn-emWv Ch ]mbv¡v sN¿p-ó-Xv. Hcp Ip«-bnð 5þ20 In. {Kmw ]qhp-ïm-Ipw. Ch hnhm-lm-h-iy-§Ä¡v ame sI«p-ó-Xn\pw aäpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡póp. Hcp slIvS-dnð \nópw BZy-hn-fhv 5-10 S®pw, BZy-Ip-än-hn-fയ്¡v 9þ12 S®pw, cïmw Ipän-hn-f¡v 4þ6 S®pw hnfhv e`n-¡p-óp.

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