kkykwc£Ww
IoS§Ä
sIm¼³ sNñn
e£W§Ä: Ipcpt¯mebpw, ]q¦qebpw
Xpcóp \in¸n¡póp. Hme hncnbpt¼mÄ {XntImWmIrXnbnð
Hme sh«nbncn¡póXpImWmw.
\nb{´Ww
- tXm«w
hr¯nbmbn kq£n¡póXneqsS hïnsâ hwihÀ²\ XSbmw.
- sNñnt¡mð
D]tbmKn¨v sX§nsâ aïbnð \nóv sNñnsb
Ip¯nsbSp¡mw.
-
ap³IcpXð Fó \nebv¡v
Iq¼n\p NpäpapÅ aqóp Hme¡hnfpIsf¦nepw Xmsg¸dbpó
GsX¦nepw an{inXw sImïv \ndbv¡Ww.
F) skhntUmÄ 8G 25 {Kmw, 200 {Kmw aWepambn
tNÀ¯v G{]nðþsabv, sk]väw_ÀþHIvtSm_À,
Unkw_ÀþP\phcn amk§fnð IhnfpIfnð CSpI.
_n) GItZiw 4 ]mämKpfnIÄ (12 {Kmw)
aWtemSpIqSn 45 Znhk¯nsemcn¡ð Hme¡hnfpIfnð \nt£]n¡Ww.
-
hf¡pgnIfnepw sNñn ap«bn«p s]cpIm³ km²yXbpÅ
Øe§fnepw 0.05% ImÀ_mdnð {]tbmKn¡pI. aqópamk¯nsemcn¡ð
CXmhÀ¯n¡Ww.
-
_m¡ptemsshdkv
HdnIvSk v _m[n¨ sNñnIsf 10þ15 F®w Hcp slIvSdns\ó tXmXnð
tXm«¯nð hn«v IoS§fpsS B{IaWw \nb{´n¡mw. Cu
sshdkv sIm¼³sNñnsb ]cmZoIcn¡póp.
- samämssdknbw A\ntkm¹ntb Fó IpanÄ 5
x 1011
kvt]mdpIÄ Hcp anñnenädnð Fó IW¡n\v) sNñn
ap«bn«p s]cpIpó Øe§fnð kw{Ian¸n¨pw
Ahsb \nb{´n¡mw.
sN¼³
sNñn
e£W§Ä: sX§n³ XSnbnð
Zzmc§Ä Dïm¡pIbpw AXneqsS Xhn«p \nd¯nepÅ {ZmhIhpw,
sNñn Nh¨ \mcpIfpw ]pdt¯bv¡v hcnIbpw sN¿pw. HmebpsS
IS`mKw s\SpsI ]nfcpI, \Sp\m¼v hmSnt¸mhpI FónhbmWv tcmKe£W§Ä.
Nnet¸mÄ ]p gp¡Ä ImÀóp XnópóXnsâ
i_vZhpw tIÄ¡mw.
\nb{´Ww
- Gähpw
{][m\ambn thïXv tXm«w hr¯nbmbn kq£n¡pIbmWv.
- sX§nð
GsX¦nepw hn[¯nð apdnhpïmIpóXv XSbpI.
-
sIm¼³ sNñn¡v \nÀt±in¨Xpt]mse
(skhntUmÄþaWð an{inXw) Hme¡hnfpIfnð \ndbv¡póXv
sN¼³sNñns¡Xntcbpw ^e{]ZamWv.
-
]¨ Hme sh«pt¼mÄ 120
sk.ao. aSð \nÀ¯n sh«Ww. apdn¸mSneqsS ]pgp¡Ä
AI¯v {]thin¡mXncn¡m\mWnXv.
-
B{IaWapÅ ac§fnse Zzmc§Ä
Iïp]nSn¨v Gähpw apIfnes¯ Zzmcw HgnsI _m¡nsbñmw ASbv¡pI.
AXn\ptijw apIfnse Zzmc¯nðIqSn tNmÀ¸v D]tbmKn¨v 1% hocyapÅ
ImÀ_mdnð, 0.2% hocyapÅ ss{St¢mÀt^m³ Chbnð GsX¦nepw Hóv
sXs§món\v Hcp enäÀ Fó tXmXnð Hgn¨psImSp¡pI.
- aïbnemWv ]pgphnsâ
B{IaWsa¦nð aï hr¯nbm¡n IoS\min\n emb\n IptdsÈbmbn Hgn¨psImSp¡pI.
- sNdnb tXmXnte
B{IaWapÅpsh¦nð IoS§sf \in¸n¡póXn\v 1% Un.Un.hn.]n.
{]tbmKn¡mw.
-
sX§n³ tXm¸nð IÅv, ss]\m¸nÄ, Icn¼v Fónh
CuÌv tNÀ¯v ]pfn¸n¨Xv sh¨v sN¼³sNñnsb
BIÀjn¡mw. C§s\bpÅ Iq«nð GsX¦nepw IoS\min\n
tNÀ¯v tXm«¯nsâ ]e`mK§fnð sh¨mð CXntebv¡v
BIÀjn¡s¸«v F¯pó IoS§Ä N¯phogpw.
- cïp slIvSdn\v
Hóv Fó tXmXnð ^ndtam¬ sIWn sh¨v BIÀjn¨pw sNñnsb
sImñmw.
sXt§me¸pgp
e£Ww: HmebpsS ASnhi¯v IqSpïm¡n
AXnse Im¼v apgph³ Xnópóp. P\phcn apXð sabv hscbpÅ
th\ð¡me¯mWv ChbpsS B{IaWw IqSpXð ImWs¸SpI.
\nb{´Ww
- BZy]Snbmbn
th\ð¡memcw`¯nð tISphó HmeIÄ sh«n Xobn«p
\in¸n¡Ww.
- ]pgphns\bpw
ap«Isfbpw ]cmZoIcn¡pó
FXnÀ {]mWnIsf tXm«¯nð hnSpI.
-
IoSm{IaWw hfsc IqSpXemIpt¼mgpw, ssPhoIamÀ¤§fneqsS
\nb{´n¡m\mhnñ Fóv hcpt¼mgpw ssUt¢mtdmthmkv
0.02%, ame¯tbm¬ 0.05%, Izn\mðt^mkv 0.05%, t^mktem¬ 0.07% FónhbntesX¦nepw
Hcp IoS\min\n HmebpsS ASnhi¯v hogpó hn[¯nð Xfn¨psImSp¡pI.
Ipdn¸v: acpóp Xfn¨v Ccp]Xp Znhkw Ignªmð ]pgp¡sfbpw,
kam[nZisbbpw ]cmZoIcn¡pó an{X{]mWnIsf tXm«¯nð hnSmw.
thcpXo\n¸pgp
e£Ww : B{IaWapÅ sX§pIfpsS
Hme aª\ndamIpIbpw hnfhv hñmsX IpdbpIbpw sN¿pw.
\nb{´Ww
- hïpIsf ag¡me¯v
tiJcn¨v \in¸n¡pI
- ]pXpagtbmsS a®pInf¨v adn¡póXv
]pgp¡sf Ipsdb[nIw \in¸n¡pw.
-
t¢m Àss]dnt^mkv
0.04% emb\n a®nð Hgn¨psImSp¡Ww. CXv hÀj¯nð cïp XhW sN¿Ww.
Hóv BZy agtbmsS G{]nðþsa¿nepw, cïmat¯Xv sk]väw_dnepw.
Ipdn¸v : Ignbpó{X Øe§fnð
hnf¡psIWnIÄ sh¨v hïpIsf tiJcn¨v \in¸n¡mw.
tImdnUv_¤v
(a¨n§ Xpc¸³)
e£W§Ä: B{IaWhnt[bamb a¨n§bpsS
]pdwsR«n\Snbnð ]it]mepÅ {ZmhIw HgpInI«]nSn¨ncn¡póXv
ImWmw. B{IaWhnt[bamb a¨n§ s]mgnªp t]m hpItbm t]Smbn t]mhpItbm sN¿pw.
\nb{´Ww
]pXpXmbn hncnª ]q¦peIfnð s]¬]q¡fnð
0.1% hocyapÅ ImÀ_mdnð Xfn¨p sImSp¡p-I.
]cmKW¯n\p ]mIamb s]¬]q ¡fnepw sNm«hncnª DSs\bpw acpóp
Xfn¡m³ ]mSnñ. AXpt]mseXsó Xmgs¯ HmeIfpw aqs¸¯mdmb
IpeIfpw Hgnhm¡Ww. sX§nsâ aïbnepw aäp apgph³ `mK§fnepw
IoS\min\n Xfn¡mw.
Ipdn¸v: B{IaW¯nsâ tXmXv A\pkcn¨v
Bhiym[njvTnXambncn¡Ww IoS\min\n {]tbmKw.
aÞcn
ASp¯ Ime¯v sX§vIrjn¡v
Gähpw `ojWnbmbn¯oÀón«pÅ Hcp IoSamWnXv. tX§bpsS
sXm¸n¡pÅnð ImWs¸SpóXpw, kq£vaZÀin\nbneqsS
am{Xw ImWm³ IgnbpóXpamb hfsc sNdnb Cu aണ്ഡcnIÄ a¨n§bnð \nóv \ocpän¡pSn¡póXpaqew
hnfhnð KWyamb Ipdhv DïmIpóp.
e£W§Ä: cïpaqóp amkw
{]mbamb a¨n§bpsS sXm¸n¡pXmsg Cfw aª\nd¯nð {XntImWmIrXnbnepÅ
]mSpIÄ ImWmw. ]nóoSv Cu ]mSpIÄ Xhn«p\ndamIpw. ISp¯ IoSm{IaWapïmbmð
a¨n§ s]mgnªp t]mIpw. a¨n§ hepXmIpwtXmdpw Xhn«p\nd¯nepÅ
]mSpIÄ Idp¸mhpIbpw NIncnbnð s\SpsI hnÅepIfpw aäpw {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw
sN¿pw. hfÀ¨ HtcXc¯nemhnñ FóXpsImïv tX§IÄ
hnIrXamhpIbpw sIm{] IpdbpIbpw sN¿pw. aണ്ഡcn_m[aqeapÅ
\jvSw ]eXc¯nemWv. NIncnbpsS KpWw Ipdbpóp, hnIrXamb tX§ s]mXn¡póXn\v
IqSpXð A²zm\w thïnhcpIbpw sN¿póp.
\nb{´Ww
- aണ്ഡcn _m[n¨ sX§nð
\nópÅ a¨n§Isfñmw tiJcn¨v \in¸n¡pI.
- cïp iXam\w
hocyapÅ ths¸®þshfp¯pÅn an{inXtam, hymhkmbnImSnØm\¯nð
Dð¸mZn¸n¡pó AkmUndIvSn³ 0.004%
(
Neemazal T/S 1% 4 an.en/enäÀ)
Asñ¦nð ssat{ImssWkvUv KÔIw(kÄ^À) 0.4% an.bnepw
Cfw IpeIfnepw Xfn¡pI. Nhn«p]¼v D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ
HóvþHóc enäÀ emb\n Hcp sX§n\v thïnhcpw. Ipän]¼mWv
D]tbmKn¡pósX¦nð 500-750 an.en. emb\n aXnbmIpw. apIfnð \nóv
cïmas¯ Ipe apXð Xmsg Ggmas¯ Ipehsc acpóp Xfn¡Ww. ]cmKWw
\S¡m¯ ]q¦peIÄ Hgnhm¡Ww. aqópw, \mepw, Aôpw
IpeIfnse a¨n§IfpsS sXm¸n`mK¯v acpóv hogm³ {]tXyIw
{i²n¡Ww. ImcWw Cu IpeIfnemWv acnbpsS tImf\nIÄ Gähpw IqSpXð
Dmbncn¡pI. hÀj¯nð aqópXhW acpóp Xfn¡Ww.
amÀ¨vþG{]nð, BKÌvþsk]väw_À, Unkw_ÀþP\phcn
Fóo amk§fnð acpóp Xfn¨mð Fñm {]mb¯nepÅ IpeIfnepw acpóp Xfn F¯pw. Htc acpóp
Xsó Xfn¡pt¼mÄ AXns\Xnsc aണ്ഡcn
{]Xntcm[w BÀÖn¡p-saóXpsImïv acpópIÄ amän
amän Xfn¡póXv \ómbncn¡pw. ths¸®þshfp¯pÅn
an{inXw (2%) þ X¿mdm¡pó hn[w cïpiXam\w hocyapÅ 10
enäÀ ths¸®þshfp¯pÅn an{inXw X¿mdm¡póXn\v
200 an.enäÀ ths¸®bpw, 200 {Kmw shfp¯pÅnbpw, 50
{Kmw km[mcW tkm¸pw thïnhcpw. tkm¸v sNdnb IjW§fm¡n 500 an.enäÀ
sNdp NqSpshůnð ebn¸n¡pI. shfp¯pÅn Ac¨v
300 an.en. shůnðIe¡n Acns¨Sp¡pI. X¿mdm¡n
h¨ tkm¸v emb\n 200 an.en. ths¸®bnte¡v Hgn¡pI. \ñ
an{inXw In«póXn\mbn \ñh®w Cf¡ns¡mSp¡pI.
Cu an{inX¯nte¡v shfp¯pÅn Ac¨pIe¡nb emb\n tNÀ¡pI.
C§s\ In«pó Hcp enäÀ emb\nbnð 9 enäÀ
shÅw tNÀ¯mð 2% hocyapapÅ 10 enäÀ ths¸®vþshfp¯pÅn
an{inXambn. sX§nsâ aണ്ഡcn
\nb{´W¯n\v, A´ÀtZiobXe¯nepÅ ÌnbdnwKv I½nänbpsS
ip]mÀibpsS ASnØm\¯nð, kwtbmPnX \nb{´W amÀ¤§fmWv
A\phÀ¯nt¡Xv. CX\pkcn¨v kkykwc£W \S]SnIÄ¡p
]pdsa Xmsg ]dbpó Imcy§Ä IqSn sNt¿Xmbn«pïv.
-
t]mjI e`yX sa¨s¸Sp¯póXn\mbn Hcp sX§n\v 50 In.{Kmw ssPhhfhpw,
5 In.{Kmw th¸n³ ]n®m¡pw Fó tXmXnð Hcp hÀjw
tNÀ¡Ww. CtXmsSm¸w, ip]mÀi sNbvXn«pÅ hf§Ä
cïp XhWbmbn sImSp¡pIbpw thWw.
-
A\ptbmPyamb CShnfItfm, an{ihnfItfm Irjn sN¿pI.
-
Bhiyamb PetkN\w \S¯pI.
aoeoaq«
e£W§Ä : hnScm¯
Iqt¼meIsfbpw ]q¦peIsfbpamWv aoeoaq« B{Ian¡mdv. Hme, hfÀ¨bnñmsX
hnIrXamIpw. ]q¦peIfpw hncnbmsX hnIrXambncn¡pw. AYhm hncnªmð
Xsó tX§ ]nSn¡pIbnñ. Cfw {]mb¯nepÅ tX§bpsS
sXm¸nbnemWv aoeoaq« Iq«w IqSpóXv. B{IaW
hnt[bamb tX§ Ipebnð Xsó \nð¡póXv IoS§Ä
s]cpIpóXn\pw hym]n¡póXn\pw ImcWamIpw.
\nb{´Ww
DW§nb ]q¦peIfpw, a¨n§Ifpw
\o¡w sNbvXv \in¸n¡Ww. AhinjvS hocyanñm¯v t^mkv^mänIv
IoS\min\nItfsX¦nepw, ssUaot¯mtbäv 0.1%, Izn\mðt^mkv 0.05%,s^³Xtbm¬
0.1% Chbnsemóv aoeoaq«bpsS B{IaWw ImWpt¼mįsó
Xfn¨p sImSp¡Ww.
FenIÄ
Cfw tX§Ifnð
Zzmcapïm¡n FenIÄ henb \miw sN¿póp. Fen Ip¯nbnSpó
tX§, sX§nsâ Nph«nð ImWmw.
\nb{´Ww
-
s{_mamUtbmtem¬ 0.05% AS§nb hmIvkvI«IÄ 3þ4
Znhkw CShn«v sX§nsâ aïbnðhbv¡pI.
tcmK§Ä
Iq¼pNobð
Fñm {]mb¯nepÅ sX§pItfbpw
Cu tcmKw _m[n¡psa¦nepw {]mbw Ipdª sX§pIfnemWv, {]tXyIn¨pw
ag¡me¯mWv Cu tcmKw km[mcW ImWpóXv. ssXIfpsS Iqt¼me aª
\ndamhpIbpw, ]Xps¡ hen¨mðXsó Ducnt¸mcpIbpw sN¿pw.
hfÀ¨ F¯nb sX§pIfnð Iqt¼mebpsS \ndw aªbmhpIbpw
IS`mK¯v h¨v HSnªpXq§pIbpw sN¿pw. HmeIfpsS IS`mKhpw aïbnse
arZptImi§fpw AgpIn ZpÀ¤Ôw han¡pw. AgpIð XSnbnte¡v
hym]n¡pótXmsS aäv HmeIfpw HSnªp Xq§pw. Cu AhØbnepw
Ahtijn¡pó tX§ aq¯v In«pw. {]mcw`Zibnð¯só Cu tcmKw Iïp]nSn¨nsñ¦nð
sX§v \in¨p t]mIpw.
\nb{´Ww
-
tcmKw Bcw`n¡pt¼mÄ Xsó aïbnse AgpInb `mK§Ä sN¯n
amän t_mÀtUm Ipg¼v tX¨v ]pXnb Iq¼v
hcpóXphsc agsImÅmsX kwc£n¡Ww.
-
tcmKw _m[n¨v sX§nð \nóv \o¡w sNbvX `mK§Ä I¯n¨v
IfbWw.
-
tcmKw _m[n¨ sX§nepw ASp¯pÅ sX§pIfnepw 1% hocyapÅ
t_mÀtUm an{inXw Xfn¡Ww.
-
sIm¼³ sNñns¡Xnsc
\nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä kzoIcn¡Ww.
- tXm«¯nð
shÅw sI«n\nð¡mXncn¡m³ {i²n¡Ww.
- tcmKkm²yXbpÅ {]tZi§fnð icnbmb \Soð
AIew ]men¡Ww.
almfn
e£W§Ä : s]¬]q¡fpw
a¨n§bpw s]mgnbpóXmWv Cu tcmK¯nsâ {][m\ e£Ww. a¨n§bpsS
sR«p`mK§fnepw, Cfw a¨n§Ifnepw ]mSpIfpmhpIbpw {ItaW DÄ`mKw
AgpIn ]qÀ®ambpw \in¨p t]mIpIbpw sN¿póp.
\nb{´Ww
Hcp iXam\w
hocyapÅ t_mÀtUman{inXtam, 0.2% hocyapÅ tIm¸À HmIvknt¢m
ssdtUm ag¡me¯n\v ap¼pw, XpSÀóv 40 Znhkw CShn«v
Htóm ctïm {]m hiyambpw Xfn¨p sImSp¡pI.
thcpNobð (ImäphogvN)
HmebñnIÄ¡v _e£bapണ്ടmIpóp. {]mbwsNó HmeIÄ
aªfn¡pIbpw {Zhn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. thcpIÄ AgpIn \in¡póp.
Nnet¸mÄ a¨n§Ifpw aqs¸¯m¯ tX§Ifpw sImgnbpóXpw
ImWmw. Hme¡mepw HmebñnIfpsS A{K`mKhpw AIt¯¡v hfbpóXn\mð
HmeIÄ¡v I¸pt]mse AIt¯¡v hfª BIrXnbpïmIpóp.
]cn]me\w : \ómbn ]cn]men¨mð
Cu tcmKw_m[n¨ sX§pIfnð\nópw Gsd\mÄ sa¨s¸«
hnfhp e`n¡pw. thcpNobð_m[ kwibn¡s¸Spó
sX§pIfpsS hf{]tbmKw, kkykwc£Ww, aäp]cn]me\ apdIÄ Fónh
bYmkabw A\phÀ¯nt¡ïXv AXymhiyamWv. tcmK\nb{´W¯n\v iq]mÀi
sNbvXn«pÅ ]cn]me\ apdIfmWv Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡póXv:
hÀj¯nð 10 tX§bnð
Ipdhp Dð¸mZ\apÅXpw, kmcamb tcmK_m[bpÅXpamb sX§pIfpw tcmK_m[nXamb
ssXs¯§pIfpw sh«namän \in¸n¨Xn\v tijw N{µk¦ct]mse
tcmK{]Xntcm[tijnbpw AXypð¸mZ\tijnbpapÅ C\§fpsS ssXIÄ \SWw.
- icmicn ]cn]me\¯nð sXs§món\v Hcp hÀjw
0.34 In.{Kmw ss\{SP\pw, 0.17 In.{Kmw `mhlhpw, 0.68 In.{Kmw s]m«mjpw (bqdnb,
tdm¡v t^mkvt^äv, ayqdntbäv Hm^v s]m«mjv FónhbpsS cq]¯nð)
\ðIWw. \ñ ]cn]me\apÅ sX§pIÄ¡v Ch bYm{Iaw 0.5, 0.32,
1.2 In. {Kmw hoXw \ðtIïXmWv. HmWm«pIcbnse aWð a®nð sXs§món\v
Hcp hÀjw 500 {Kmw aáojyw (MgO) \ðIWw. aäp {]tZi§fnð
100 {Kmw aáojyw aXnbmIpw. Gähpw sNehpIpdhv amásskäv D]tbmKn¡pt¼mgmWv.
Fómð CXv A¾Xzw IqSpXepÅ a®nð am{Xta D]tbmKn¡mhq.
-
tað¸dª cmkhf§Ä¡p ]pdsa 50 In.{Kmw Imenhftam, ]¨nehftam
Hmtcm hÀjhpw sX§n\v BhiyamWv. IqSmsX Hcp In.{Kmw Ip½mbhpw tNÀ¡Ww.
-
]¨ne hfs¨SnIfmb NW¼v, Ubnô, am¼bÀ, \ne¸bÀ
Fónh sX§nsâ XS¯nð hfÀ¯n, ]q¡pótXmsS
XS¯nð DgpXp tNÀ¡póXv ImäphogvNbpsS Bgw Ipdbv¡póXn\pw,
hnfhv Iq«póXn\pw D]Icn¡pw. aWð {]tZi§fnð am¼bdpw,
F¡ð a®nð sUbnôbpw \ómbn hfcpw.
- agsb B{ibn¨v
Irjn sN¿pó Øe§fnð cmkhf¯nsâ aqónsemcp
`mKw ImehÀjt¯msSbpw, cïnð aqóp `mKw XpemhÀj¯n\p
ap¼pw tNÀ¡pI. PetkNnX Irjnbnð aqóp Xpey KUp¡fm¡n
(G{]nðþsabv, BKÌvþsk]väw _À, Unkw_ÀþP\phcn)
hfw \ðImw.
-
sX§nsâ Nph«nð \nópw 2 aoäÀ hymkmÀ²¯nepw
10 sk.ao. Bg¯nepw XSsaSp¯pthWw hfw tNÀ¡m³.
- _ïpIfnð Irjn
sN¿pt¼mÄ th\ð¡me¯v I\mense a®p amäpIbpw,
_ïpIÄ iàns¸Sp¯pIbpw thWw.
HmeNobð
e£W§Ä : Iqt¼mebnð
Xhn«p \nd¯nð shÅw \\ªXp t]msebpÅ ]mSpIÄ ImWpóp.
{ItaW Ch hepXmbn Hón¨v tNÀóv Hme Nobpóp. Hme hncnbpt¼mÄ
Noª `mK§Ä DW§n Imänð ]dóp t]mhpIbpw CuÀ¡nen
am{Xw Ahtijn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. tcmK¯nsâ Xo{hX IqSnbmbmð Hme
hncnbpIt]mepanñ. tImfntäm{Sn¡w ¥ntbmkvt]mdntbmbnUvkv, FIvsktdmsslew
tdmkv{Säw, ^yqtkdnbw P\pÊv Fóo IpanfpIfmWv tcmKtlXp¡Ä.
\nb{´Ww
- AgpInb `mK§fpw,
Iq¼nt\mSSp¯pÅ Hópþcïv HmeIfpw sN¯n¡fbpI.
- amt¦msk_v
(3 {Kmw 300 an.en. shůnð IeÀ¯nbXv)
Asñ¦nð slIvkmtImWtkmÄ 5 C.kn.(2 an.en. 300 an.en. shůnð
IeÀ¯nbXv) Fóo IpanÄ\min\nIfnsemóv Iq¼v hr¯nbm¡nbXn\p
tijw Iq¼nð Hgn¡pI.
- ImÀ_mdnð 20 {Kmw
200 {Kmw aWepambn IeÀ¯n Gähpw apIfnse cïv Hme¡hnfpIfnð
C«p sImSp¡Ww.
-
aïbnepw HmeIfnepw Hcp iXam\w hocyapÅ
t_mÀtUman{inXtam, 0.2% hocyapÅ tIm¸À HmIvkn HmIvknt¢mssdtUm,
0.3% amt¦mskt_m P\phcn G{]nðþsabv, sk]väw_À amk§fnð
Xfn¨v sImSp¡Ww. acpóv Iqt¼meIfnð hogm³ {]tXyIn¨v
{i²n¡Ww.
sNóoscmen¸v
e£W§Ä : sX§n³ XSnbpsS
IS`mKt¯mSSp¯v hnÅepIfpïmhpIbpw Ahbnð \nópw Nph¸p
IeÀó Xhn«p \nd¯nepÅ {ZmhIw Hen¡pIbpw sN¿póXmWv
tcmKe£W§Ä. XSnbpsS apIÄ `mK¯mbn sNóoscmen¸pÅXnsâ
e£W§fpw ImWmw. ASp¯Sp¯pÅ ]mSpIÄ Hón¨vtNÀóv
henb ]mSpIÄ DïmIpIbpw Hen¨nd§pó {ZmhIw I«n]nSn¨p
Idp¸p\ndamIpIbpw sN¿pw. \oscmen¡pó `mKs¯ tImi§Ä
{Zhn¡póXpsImïv Ahbv¡v aª \ndamIpw. tcmKw apIfntebv¡v
]Scpt¼mÄ HmebpsS hen¸hpw XpSÀóv aïbpsS hen¸hpw
Ipdbpóp. ]pXnb HmeIÄ DïmIpóXpw Ipdbpóp. XpSÀóv
a¨n§ s]mgn¨nð IqSpIbpw CXv Dð¸mZ\s¯ _m[n¡pIbpw
sN¿pw. Xe`mKt¯bv¡v sNñpt´mdpw XSnbpsS h®w Ipdªp
Ipdªp hcpw. Pqsse apXð \hw_À hscbpbpÅ amk§fnemWv tcmKw
IqSpóXv. tcmKImcn Xnemhntbm]vknkv ]mcmtUmIvk Fó IpanfmWv. ISp¯
th\en\ptijw hcpó I\¯agbpw, shÅs¡«pw, t]mjIaqeI§fpsS
Ipdhpw, A[nIcn¨ ]pfnckhpw (A¾Xzw) tcmKw hcpóXn\v A\pIqeamb kmlNcy§fmWv.
\nb{´Ww
-
tcmKw _m[n¨ `mKw apgph³ Npcn¡fªv apdnhnð
5% hocyapÅ ss{SsUtamÀ^v ]pc«pI. cïp Znhk¯n\ptijw tImÄSmÀ
]qiWw.
-
NpcïnsbSp¯ `mKw I¯n¨pIfbWw.
Npcïpt¼mÄ XSn¡v tISp kw`hn¡mXncn¡m³ {]tXyIw {i²n¡Ww.
-
aäp hf§Ä¡p ]pdta sXs§món\v 5 In.{Kmw th¸n³
]n®m¡v IqSn \ðIpI.
-
hÀj¯nð aqóp {]mhiyw,
G{]nðþsabv, sk]väw_ÀþHIvtSm_À, P\phcnþs^{_phcn
amk§fnð 5% hocyapÅ ss{SsUtamÀ^v thcnð¡qSn \ðIWw.
- ss{SsUtamÀ^v 25 an.en. 25 enäÀ shůnð
tNÀ¯v \mepamk¯nsemcn¡ð XS¯nse a®v IpXnc¯¡
hn[¯nð Hgn¨p sImSp¡pI.
HmeIcn¨nð
s]Ìtemjy ]mðtadw
(Pestalotia
palmarum) Fó C\w IpanfmWv Cu tcmK¯n\p
ImcWw.
e£Ww : Gähpw ]pdtabpÅ Hme\ncIfnemWv
tcmKe£W§Ä ImWpI. Nmc\nd¯nepÅ AcnIpItfmSpIqSnb aª¸pÅn¡p¯pIÄ
Hmebnð {]Xy£s¸Spw. Cu ]pÅn¡p¯pIÄ Hón¨vtNÀóv
Hme PoÀ®n¨v {Zhn¡póp. tcmKw aqÀഛn¡pt¼mÄ HmebpsS AcnIpIÄ
DW§n I¯nt¸mbXpt]mse tXmón¡pw.
\nb{´Ww
tcmK¯nsâ B{IaWw IqSpXepÅ HmeIÄ sh«n I¯n¨pIfbpI. Hcp
iXam\w hocyapÅ t_mÀtUman{inXtam, 0.025% hocyapÅ s{]m¸ntImWtkmtfm
Xfn¡pI.
XômhqÀ
hm«w
e£W§Ä : Cu ASp¯ Ime¯v,
{]tXyIn¨pw ]me¡mSv, ae¸pdw, XriqÀ, sImñw, Xncph\´]pcw,
hb\mSv Fóo PnñIfnð {]Xy£s¸« Hcp tcmKamWnXv.
a²y{]m b¯nepÅ sX§pIfnemWv amcIamb tcmK_m[ IïphcpóXv.
XSnbpsS IS`mKw AgpIpóXmWv {][m\ e£Ww. sXmen s]m«pó hn[¯nemhpIbpw
IjW§fmbn ASÀóv t]mhpIbpw hnÅepIÄ Ahtijn¡pIbpw
sN¿pw. AIs¯ tImi§fpsS \ndw amdpóp. ZpÀ¤Ôw
han¡pIbpw sN¿póp. IS`mK¯v sNdnb tXmXnð {ZmhIw Hen¡póXmbn
ImWmw. Cu `mKs¯ tImi§Ä hfsc arZphmbncn¡pw. thcn\p ]äpó
tISpsImïv AgpIð kw`hn¡pIbpw XpSÀóv sX§p\in¡pIbpw
sN¿pw.
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\nb{´Ww
-
sXs§món\v 50 In.{Kmw ssPhhfw \ðIpI.
-
Hcp hÀjw sXs§món\v 5 In.{Kmw hoXw th¸n³ ]n®m¡v tNÀ¡Ww.
- cmkhf¯nsâ
tXmXv ip]mÀisNbvXn«pÅXnð \nópw \mensemómbn
Ipdbv¡Ww.
-
cïp an.en. ss{SsUtamÀ^v 100 an.enäÀ shůnð IeÀ¯n
aqóp amk¯nsemcn¡ð thcneqsS \ðIpI.
- shÅw NmepIfneqsS
XS§fnse¯n¡pó coXn Hgnhm¡nbmð a®nðIqSn AWp¡Ä
]IcpóXv XSbmw.
- tcmKw _m[n¨ sX§ns\ aäp ac§fnð
\nópw thÀXncn¨p \nÀ¯póXn\mbn AXnsâ Npäpw
ISbv¡ð \nópw Hóc aoäÀ AIe¯nð Ac aoäÀ
hoXnbpw, Hcp aoäÀ BghpapÅ InS§pm¡pI.
- ]bdphÀ¤
hnfIÄ sX§n³tXm¸n\pÅntem AXnt\mSv tNÀópÅ
Øe§fntem hfÀ¯cpXv.
മുകളിലേക്ക്
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