Yellowing spreads from the edges of the leaves to the center
Leaves affected by yellowing later turn red and cells become charred
Leaves are shed at maturity.
Management
Do the soil analysis and confirm the deficiency.
Addition of Magnesium sulphate (32 kg/ acre) in bands near plants.
Long-term usage of dolomite will reduce magnesium deficiency
Magnesium and potassium fertilizers should not be applied together
Boron (B)
Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms are evident in young seedlings and pods.
Growth of newly growing stems is reduced
Gum and red areas appear in the cracks.
Leaves turn yellow and become brittle and thin
The flowers drop off without pollination and the resulting fruits lose their shape.
Management
Analysis of soil to confirm the deficiency.
Application of borax (4 kg/ acre) into the soil
Addition of borax (1 gram / litre of water) as foliar spray.
Avoid the combined application of Boron and calcium.
Application of borax with ammonium fertilizers should be avoided.
Iron (Fe)
Symptoms
Iron deficiency is evident in immature leaves.
Interveinal areas of immature leaves turn yellow and main vein appears green.
Leaf veins are stunted and green in color.
During the growth phase the leaves are completely yellow.
Management
Iron content in Kerala soils is often high. So, get a soil test to determine the reason for the problem
Low potassium levels lead to iron deficiency
Addition of Ferrous Sulphate (6 kg/ acre) into the deficient soils.
Manganese (Mn)
Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms are seen in fully developed leaves.
Leaf margins turn yellow
The areas between the main veins of the leaf appear mixed green and yellow
Leaves appear pale green and become brittle.
Management
Soil Analysis
Application of Manganese Sulphate ( 5 gram per litre of water) as foliar spray
Zinc (Zn)
Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms are seen in immature leaves
The interveinal areas of the leaves turn yellow and yellow streaks appear on the leaves.
Decreased fruit size and increased number of fruit drop are symptoms of deficiency
Management
The optimal pH range for zinc availability is 5 to 7.5.
Confirm deficiencies by doing soil testing.
Apply zinc sulphate to deficient soils (8 kg/ acre)
Avoid the application of zinc and phosphate fertilizers at the same time
In severe cases, foliar spraying of Zinc sulphate (2 gram/litre of water) with Calcium carbonate (2.5 gram/litre of water) can be advocated in morning hours.
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