മത്സ്യബന്ധന രീതികള്‍

മത്സ്യകൃഷി > മത്സ്യബന്ധന മേഖല

aÕy_Ô\ coXnIÄ

hnhn[Xcw aÕy_Ô\heIÄ

1. t{SmÄ heIÄ

kap{Z aÕy_Ô\ taJebnse Hcp kp{][m\ \mgnI¡ñmWv t{SmÄ heIfpsS BhnÀ`mhhpw {]Nmchpw. ISenð aÕy§fpsS hmkØm\a\pkcn¨v ASn¯«ntem, D]cnXe¯ntem a²yXe§fntem t{SmÄ heIÄ D]tbmKn¡póp. kap{Z¯nsâ ASn¯«nð hfcpó aÕy§sf ]nSn¡póXn\v ASn¯«pheIÄ AYh Botton trawls BWv D]tbmKn¡pI.sN½o³, Rïv, am´Ä, Ip«³, ]ch, ]m¼mS, G«, hä, Ieh XpS§nb aÕy§sf ASn¯«pheIÄ D]tbmKn¨mWv ]nSn¡póXv. Nmf, \t¯men, apÅð, ]m¼mS, ]mc XpS§n ISensâ a²yXe§fnð Iïphcpó aÕy§sf ]nSn¡póXn\v CS¯«pheIÄ AYh Mid water trawls BWv D]tbmKn¡pI. `mcX¯nð aÕy_Ô\w \S¯pó b{´hðIrX t_m«pIfnð _lp`qco]£hpw ASn¯«pt{SmÄ heIfmWv D]tbmKn¡póXv. e£yhn`h§Ä¡\pkrXambn Cu heIÄ amdn amdn D]tbmKn¡póp.

ASn¯«pheIÄ

ASn¯«pheIÄ \ofw IqSnb Hcp tPmSn I¼nhS§fpsS klmbt¯msS bmWv t_m«pambn _Ôn¸n¨ncn¡pI. t_m«nsâ Deck ð DÅ Winch sâ klmbt¯msS t{SmÄ hebpw H«À t_mUpw, I¼nhSwhgn ISente¡v Ab¨phnSpIbpw Npcp«nsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿mhpóXmWv. I¼n hSs¯ hebpambn _Ôn¸n¡póXv Hcp tPmUn H«Àt_mÀUpIfneqsSbmWv. ZoÀL NXpcmIrXnbnepÅ H«Àt_mÀUpIÄ Ccp¼pN«Iq«n\pÅnð ]eIIÄ \nc¯n Dïm¡nbn«pÅXmWv. t_m«p]tbmKn¨v he hen¡pt¼mÄ t_m«pNen¡pó Znibnð \nóv sNcnªv {]hÀ¯n¨mð am{Xsa H«À t_mÀUpIÄ sImïv t{SmÄ heIÄ Xpdóv {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpÅq. H«À t_mÀUv C{]Imcw Nen¡pt¼mÄ ^Wensâ BIrXnbnepÅ hebpsS Ccphi§fpw XncÝo\ambn Xpd¡póp. AtXkabw hebpsS ap³ `mK¯nsâ apIÄ Aäw (Head line) s]m§pIfpsS (Float) klmbt¯msS apIfnte¡pw Xmgv`mKw (Ground line) thï{X `mcw sI«nbn«pÅXn\mð Xmtg¡pw \o§pt¼mÄ he ew_am\ambn (Vertically) Xpdóv hebpsS hmbv`mKw ]qÀ®ambpw Xpd¡s¸Spóp. C§s\ ]qÀ®ambpw Xpd¡s¸« hebpsS hmbv `mK¯ns\ ZoÀLhr¯mIrXnbmbncn¡pw DïmhpI. C¯c¯nð Xpdó he ISen\Sn¯«neqsS GItZiw aqóv t\m«v AYh 4.8 In.aoäÀ thKXbnð Nen¡pt¼mÄ sN½o\S¡apÅ ISðX«nse aÕy§Ä hebnð AIs¸SpIbpw hebpsS ]nóä¯v tiJcn¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿póp. aÕy§fpsS e`yX A\pkcn¨v aqópaWn¡qÀ t\cw hsc XpSÀ¨bmbn he hen¨tijw I¼nhSw (Wrap) hnônâ klmbt¯msS Npän FSp¡pt¼mÄ kym`mhnIambpw he Npcp§n hcpIbpw t_m«nð \nt£]n¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿póp. AXn\ptijw hebpsS (Codend) Agn¨p]nSn¨ aÕys¯ ]pds¯Sp¯v Xcw Xncn¨v t_m«nsâ Adbnð sFknt«m, XWp¸nt¨m kq£n¡póp.

CS¯«v heIÄ

kap{Z¯nsâ a²y`mK¯pÅ aÕys¯ ]nSn¡póXn\v D]tbmKn¡pó heIfmWv CS¯«pheIÄ ew_\ambpw XncÝo\ambpw he \ómbn Xpd¡s¸Spóp FóXmWv Cu heIfpsS khntijX. Htc t]mse ZoÀLNXpcmIrXnbnepÅ \mep ]m\ð XpónIq«nbXmWv CXnsâ cq]LS\. CXnsâ Xmgs¯ ]mfn apIfnse ]mfntb¡mÄ hep¸w IqSnbXmWv. ASn¯«nð hfcpó aÕy§sf At]£n¨v ISensâ a[y`mK§fnð hfcpó aÕy§Ä¡v thKX IqSpXembXn\mð Cu he ASn¯«phetb¡mÄ IqSpXð thK¯nemWv hent¡ïXv. C§s\ thK¯nð he hen¡pt¼mÄ aÕy_Ô\s¯ KpcpXcambn kzm[o\n¡pó hebpsS ap³`mK¯nsâ {]Xntcm[w Ipd¡m³ shÅw hebpsS ap³`mK¯p\nóv hfsc Bbmtk\ HgpXnt]mIWw.

2. DuÀÖmhiyIX Ipdª aÕy_Ô\ heIÄ

A³]XpIfpsS Ahkm\t¯msS b{´hð¡rXt_m«pIfpw ]pXnb ao³]nSn¯coXnIfpw kwhn[m\§fpw {]Nmc¯nð hótXmsS aÕy_Ô\w Hcp hyhkmbambn hfÀóp. F¬]XpIfnð Bhiym\pkcWw hÅ§fnð LSn¸n¡mhpóXpw FSp¯p amämhpóXpamb Out board motor e`yambtXmsS ]c¼cmKX aÕy_Ô\cwK¯pw amä§Ä hóp. Out board motor sâ D]tbmKt¯msS ]c¼cmKX aÕy_Ô\w IqSpXð Bg¯nte¡pw ]c¸nte¡pw hym]n¨p.

\mS³ hÅ§Ä D]tbmKn¨pÅ ]c¼cmKX aÕy_Ô\w ]qÀ®ambpw a\pjym²zm\amWv D]tbmKs¸Sp¯póXv. Fómð b{´hðIrXt_m«pIÄ aÕy_Ô\kYes¯¯póXn\pw Xncn¨phcpóXn\pw aÕy_Ô\w \S¯póXn\pw bm{´nIm²zm\w D]tbmKs¸Sp¯póp. asämcp hn`mKw bm\§Ä b{´§Ä LSn¸n¨p«pÅhbmsW¦nepw aÕy_Ô\¯n\v t]mIpóXn\pw XncnsI hcpóXn\pw am{Xw Ahsb D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIbpw aÕy_Ô\w a\pjy ImbnItijnsImïv \S¯pIbpw sN¿póp. C¯c¯nepÅ aÕy_Ô\s¯ DuÀÖmhiyIX Ipdª aÕy_Ô\coXn AYhm Low energy fishing technique Fóp ]dbpóp.

DuÀÖmhiyIX Ipdª aÕy_Ô\coXnIÄ {]mhÀ¯nIam¡póXpsImïv ]e sa¨§fpïv. `mKnIambn am{Xw b{´§Ä D]tbmKn¡póXpsImïv CÔ\Nnehv Ipdbpóp. CÔ\ e`yX IpdªXpw hneIqSnbpw hcpó kmlNcy¯nð Ipdª CÔt\m]tbmK¯n\v {]kàntbdpóp. t]m¡phchn\v a\pjy{]bXv\w Bhiyanñm¯XpsImïv tPmen¡mÀ Xfcpónñ. CXv AhcpsS {]hÀ¯\£aX hÀ²n¸n¡póp. aÕy_\[\¯n\p IqSpXð kabw e`yamIpóp. ]nSn¨ aÕyw thK¯nð Icbnse¯n¡m³ km[n¡póXpsImïv AhbpsS KpWw \jvSs¸SmXncn¡pIbpw IqSpXð hne In«pIbpw sN¿póp.

Knðs\äpIÄ

\o«phe, Hgp¡phe, eq¸phe FópÅ t]cpIfnednbs¸Spó Knðs\änIfp]tbmKn¨pÅ ao³ ]nSp¯amWv Gähpw {][m\s¸« coXn. \½psS apgph³ Xoc¯pw Knð s\änsâ D]tbmKw {]Nmc¯nepïv. ASnØm\]cambn CXv ZoÀLNXpcmIrXnbnepÅ Hcp he¡jvWamWv. he¡jvW¯nsâ apIÄ \ncbnse I®nIÄ Head rope ambpw Iogv \ncbnse I®nIÄ foot rope ambpw _Ôn¸n¡póp. I®nIÄ tdm¸pambn _Ôn¸n¡pó A\p]mXa\pkcn¨v I®nIfpsS hnkvXrXnbnð amäw kw`hn¡póp. he shÅ¯nð ew_ambn \nð¡póXn\v tdm¸nð ^vtfm«pIfpw foot rope ð sinker Ifpw Bhiym\pkcWw sI«póp. Knðs\äv bqWnäpIfpsS \ofhpw Cd¡hpw IrXyambn ]cnanXns¸Sp¯nbn«nñ. D]tbmKn¡póXn\pÅ kuIcyw, ]nSn¡m³ Dt±in¡pó aÕyw, Øe¯nsâ Bgw, hym]vXn Fónhsb B{ibn¨mWv hen¸w Xn«s¸Sp¯póXv. t_m«nsâ hen¸hpw tPmen¡mcpsS F®hpw A\pkcn¨v thï{X bqWnäpIÄ Iq«nt¨À¯v aÕy_Ô\¯n\v kÖam¡póp.

Knðs\änð he¡®nbmWv ASnØm\LSIw. ]nSn¡m\pt±in¡pó aÕy¯nsâ hen¸w, icocLS\ Fónhb\pkcn¨v I®nbpsS hen¸w IqSpXtem Ipdthm Bbncn¡pw. aÕy¯nsâ sNInf`mKtam sNInf¡pw apXpInse NndIn\panS¡pÅ GsX¦nepw `mKtam I®nbnð IpSp§ntbm hebnð Npän¸nWtªm BWv aÕyw ]nSn¡s¸SpóXv. aÕy¯nsâ hen¸a\pkcn¨v hebpïm¡pó \qensâ h®hpw hyXymks¸«ncn¡pw.

aÕy_Ô\¯n\mbn Icbnð \nópw ]pds¸Spt¼mÄ Xsó heIÄ kÖam¡nbncn¡pw. ao³]nSp¯¯n\p XncsªSp¯ Øes¯¯nbmð Bgw, Hgp¡v, Imänsâ KXn Fónh \nco£n¡póp. AXn\ptijw he IptdsÈbmbn Hcäw apXð ISenend¡póp. hebpsS Hcäw \ofapÅ tdm¸p]tbmKn¨v t_m«pambn _Ôn¨ncn¡pw. ^vtfm«nsâ F®hpw kn¦dnsâ `mchpw {Ias¸Sp¯nbmWv he Dt±in¡pó Xe¯nð hn\ykn¡póXv. aÕy§fpsS kômctaJe, e`yX Fónhb\pkcn¨v ISensâ ASn¯«ntem apIÄ]c¸ntem CXn\nSbv¡pÅ GsX¦nepw Xe¯ntem he hn\ykn¨v ao³ ]nSn¡mw. Hgp¡ns\m¸w \o§pó hn[¯ntem Øncambn \nð¡pó hn[¯ntem he {IaoIcn¡mw. ao³ hebnð IpSp§póXn\mhiyamb GItZiw BdpaWn¡qdn\v tijw he XncnsI hen¨v Ibän IpSp§nb aÕys¯ tiJcn¡póp.

tem§v sse³

Bbncw Nqï Fó t]cnednbpó tem§v sse³ DuÀÖmhiyIX Ipdª asämcp {][m\ aÕy_Ô\coXnbmWv. \ñ apdp¡¯nð ]ncn¨ aqóp apXð Bdv anñoaoäÀ hsc h®apÅ tdm¸v {][m\ sse\mbn D]tbmKn¡póp. {][m\ sse\nð \nÝnX AIe¯nð imJIÄ Asñ¦nð {_môpsse\nsâ Aä¯mbn Nqïs¡mfp¯pIÄ sI«nbpd¸n¡póp. {_môpsse\nð {][m\ sse\nt\mSp _Ôn¸n¡póXn\pap¼mbn kznhð (swivel) IqSn Nnet¸mÄ D]tbmKn¡mdpïv. D]cnXe¯nð D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ {_môv sse\n\v \of¡qSpXepw ASn¯«nð D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ \of¡pdhpambncn¡pw. \of¡qSpXepÅ {_môpsse\nð Nqïs¡mfp¯nt\mSSp¯ `mKw Ìoð hbdv tNÀ¯v ]ncn¨mWpïm¡póXv. {_môpsse\pIÄ X½nepÅ AIew cïp {_môpsse\pIfpsS sam¯w \oft¯¡mÄ IqSpXembncn¡pw.

{kmhv, G«, s\bvao³, Nqc apXemb IqSpXð thKXbpÅXpw Ccsb HmSn¨p ]nSn¡póXpamb aÕy§sf ]nSn¡m\mWv Cu coXn {]tbmKn¡póXv. NqïIÄ XncsªSp¡pt¼mÄ aÕy¯nsâ hen¸¯n\p ]pdsa hmbv hen¸w, hmbpsS BIrXn Fónh IqSn ]cnKWn¡póp. hyXykvX hen¸¯nepw hnhn[ BIrXnbnepapÅ NqïIÄ e`yamWv.

Ct¸mÄ ]cp¯n \qen\v ]Icw ss\tem¬ \qepw t]mfn F¯neo³ \qepamWv D]tbmK¯nepÅXv. Chbv¡p ]pdsa 1 apXð 2.5 anñnaoäÀ hsc h®apÅ tamtWm^nesaâpw D]tbmKn¡póp. Nne Øe§fnð Ìoð hbdv tNÀ¯v ]ncn¨ {_môpsse\pIfmWv D]tbmKn¡póXv. {][m\ sse\nð {_môp sse³ _Ôn¸n¡póXn\ncp]pdhpw Ipsd `mKw Ìoð hbÀ tNÀ¯p ]ncn¨ sse³ D]tbmKn¡pócoXnbpw \nehnepïv. t_m«nsâ hen¸w, tPmen¡mcpsS F®w Fónhsb B{ibn¨v aÕy_Ô\¯n\pÅ sse\nsâ \ofhpw NqïbpsS F®hpw \nÝbn¨ncn¡póp.

Nqc apXemb aÕy§Ä¡v Pe]c¸nepw {kmhv aÕy§Ä¡v ASn¯«nepw s\bvao³ t]msebpÅhÀ¡v a²yXe¯nepw tem§v sse³ hn\ykn¡póp. ISensâ ASn¯«pambn Øncambn \nð¡pó coXnbntem Hgp¡ns\m¸w \o§pó hn[¯ntem sse³ D]tbmKn¡mw. aäp aÕy_Ô\coXnIÄ {]mtbmKnIañm¯nS¯pw tem§v sse³ D]tbmKn¨v aÕy_Ô\w kpKaambn \S¯m\mIpóp.

lm³Uv sse³

hfsc efnXhpw Nnehp IpdªXpamb Hcp aÕy_Ôt\m]mXnbmWv lm³Uv sse³. 1.5 apXð 2.0 anñoaoäÀ hsc h®apÅ tamtWm^nesaâv sse\nsâ Aä¯v ctïm aqtóm Intem{Kmw hcpó `mcw sImSp¡póp. CXn\p Ipd¨p apIfnembn CShn«v \ofw hfsc Ipdª {_môp sse\pIfpw Ahbnð NqïIfpw sI«póp. Aä¯pÅ `mcw sse\ns\ t\sc \nÀ¯póXp IqSmsX Hgp¡nð sse³ ew_ambn \nð¡póXn\pw klmbn¡póp. NqïIfnð Cc tImÀ¯v sse³ shÅ¯nð Xmgv¯pIbpw sse\nsâ Cf¡¯nð\nópw Nqïbnð ao³ ]nSn¨Xmbn a\Ênem¡n sse³ thK¯nð hens¨Sp¡pIbpw sN¿póp. ao³ Nqïbnð \nópw thÀs¸Sp¯n hoïpw Cc tImÀ¯v aÕy_Ô\w XpScmw. ssI sImïv {]hÀ¯n¸n¡mhpó tdmfdpIÄ D]tbmKn¡póXv IqSpXð Ffp¸hpw kuIcy{]Zhpw BWv. Ieh apXemb aÕy§sf Cu coXnbnð ]nSn¡póp. aÕy§Ä Iq«w IqSphm³ IrXraambn \nÀ½n¡pó kt¦X§fnepw aäp aÕy_Ô\ coXnIsfmópw km²yañm¯ Øe§fnepw Cu coXn Imcy£aamWv.

aÕy¡qSpIÄ

ISensâ ASn¯«nð ]mds¡«pIÄ, ]hng¸päpIÄ apXembhbpÅ `mK§fnð aÕy_Ô\¯n\pIqSpIfpw D]tbmKn¡póp. Ccp¼pI¼nbp]tbmKn¨v N«¡qSpïm¡pIbpw he¡jvWwsImïv Ah¡v BhcWw CSpIbpw sN¿póp. IqSnsâ Hcp hi¯v DÅnte¡v Xpd¡mhpó {]thi\ Zzmc§Ä LSn¸n¡póp. Iq«nð In«pó aÕy§sf ]pds¯Sp¡póXn\v FXnÀ hi¯v sNdnb hmXnepIfpw kÖam¡nbncn¡pw. IqSn\pÅnð Cc Xq¡n Ibdnð sI«n IqSpIÄ shÅ¯nð Cd¡nshb¡póp. Ibdnsâ apIfä¯v henb ^vtfm«v sI«nbnSpóp. IqSpIÄ Hmtcmópw kzX{´amtbm ]ckv]cw IbdpsImïv _Ônt¨m ISenenSpóp. IqSpXð Xncns¨Sp¡póXn\v BZyw ^vtfm«v ]Sns¨Sp¡pIbpw kmh[m\¯nð Ibdphen¨v IqSv Ibän FSp¡pIbpw sN¿póp. ]e BIrXnbnepw hen¸¯nepapÅ IqSpIÄ {]tbmK¯nepïv. IqSpIÄ CSpIbpw FSp¡pIbpw sN¿pó CSthfbnð lm³Uvsse\p]tbmKn¨v aÕy_Ô\w \S¯póXv em`IcamWv. Xoc¡Senð sImôp ]nSn¯¯n\p IqSpIÄ hym]Iambn D]tbmKn¡póp.

dn§v ko³

tIcfXoc¯v hym]Iambn dn§v ko³ D]tbmKn¨v aÕy_Ô\w \S¯s¸Spóp. ASnØm\]cambn CXv \mS³ hÅ§fnð \nópw D]tbmKn¨p sImïncpó Xm§phebmWv. Hu«v tUmÀ tamt«mdnsâ {]Nmct¯msS Xm§p hebnð amä§Ä hcp¯nbmWv dn§v ko³ hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯Xv. b{´hð¡rX \mS³ hÅ§fnð \nópw {]hÀ¯n¸n¡mhpó Mini purse seine \nehnð Dïv.

Ct¸mÄ D]tbmK¯nencn¡pó dn§v ko\n\v ZoÀL NXpcmIrXnbmWpÅXv. 800 aoäÀ hsc \ofapÅ henb heIÄ Abne, Nmf apXemb aÕy§sf ]nSn¡phm³ D]tbmKn¡póp. CXnsâ {][m\ hebpsS I®n hen¸w 18þ20 anñnaoädmWv. \t¯men apXemb aÕy§Ä¡pthïnbpÅ he¡v I®nhen¸w 10þ12 anñnaoäÀ Bbncn¡pw. {][m\ he ss\tem¬ \qep]tbmKn¨pÅXmWv. hebpsS a²y`mKw ZoÀLNXpcmIrXnbnepÅ heIjvW§Ä IpdpsI tNÀ¯p ]nSn¸n¨pw ]mÀiz§Ä s\SpsI tNÀ¯p ]nSn¸n¨pamWv Dïm¡póXv.

Iq«ambn kôcn¡pó aÕy§sf ]nSn¡m\mWv Cu heIÄ D]tbmKn¡póXv. ao\n\p thïnbpÅ sXc¨nð \S¯pIbpw ao³ Iq«s¯ Iïtijw am{Xw hebnd¡pIbpamWv sN¿póXv. Imänsâ KXn \oscmgp¡v, aÕy¡q«¯nsâ {]bmWZni, thKX Fónh \nco£n¨tijw A[nthK¯nð aÕy¡q«s¯ hebw sNbvXv he apgph³ shÅ¯nð hnSpóp. hfb§fnð¡qSn IS¯nbncn¡pó tdm¸p hen¨v hebpsS ASn`mKw AS¨v ao\ns\ he¡pÅnem¡póp. ao³ Iq«s¯ hfbepw he¡pÅnem¡epw F{Xbpw thK¯nð \S¯pópthm FóXn\\pkcn¨mbncn¡pw hnPbhpw. XpSÀóv cïä¯p\nópw he hens¨Sp¡pIbpw hebnð AIs¸« aÕy¡q«s¯ ]nSns¨Sp¡pIbpw sN¿póp.

sÌbn¡v s\äpIÄ

tImWmIrXnbnð hfsc \ofapÅ heIfmWv sÌbn¡v s\äpIÄ. CXnsâ hmbv `mK¯n\v ZoÀLNXpcmIrXnbmWpÅXv. hS¡p]Snªmd³ Xoc§fnð Ch tUmÄs\äv Fó t]cnednbs¸Spóp.

]cnØnXn¡nW§póXpw aÕy§Ä¡v hwi\miw hcp¯m¯Xpamb Knð s\äpIÄ, sse\pIÄ apXemb DuÀÖmhiyIX Ipdª aÕy_Ô\coXnIÄ¡v Duóð sImSp¡pIbpw Ahsb t{]mðkmln¸n¡pIbpw sNt¿ïXmWv.

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