Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)
Phytophthora foot rot (quick wilt)(Phytopthora capsici)
Symptoms
- One or more black spots appear on the leaves which have a characteristic fine fibre like projections at the advancing margins which rapidly enlarge and cause defoliation.
- The tender leaves and succulent shoot tips of freshly emerging runner shoots trailing on the soil turn black when infected. The disease spreads to the entire vine, from these infected runner shoots and leaves, during intermittent showers due to rain splash.
- If the main stem at the ground level or the collar is damaged, the entire vine wilts followed by shedding of leaves and spikes with or without black spots. The branches break up at nodes and the entire vine collapses within a month.
- If the damage is confined to the feeder roots, the expression of symptoms is delayed till the cessation of rain and the vine starts showing declining symptoms such as yellowing, wilting, defoliation and drying up of a part of the vine.
Management
- Planting material must be collected from disease free gardens and the nursery preferably raised in fumigated or solarized soil.
- Adequate drainage should be provided to reduce water stagnation.
- Injury to the root system due to cultural practices such as digging should be avoided.
- The freshly emerging runner shoots should not be allowed to trail on the ground. They must either be tied back to the standard or pruned off.
- The branches of support trees must be pruned at the onset of monsoon to avoid build up of humidity and for better penetration of sunlight.
- Apply 100 g of lime & 250 g of neem cake/vine/year as premonsoon dose
- Apply native isolates of VAM (Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza) / Psuedomonas fluroscenes at time of planting in nursery and in main field @ 20 g/litre of water during pre-monsoon and post monsoon period.
- Spray leaves with 1 percent strength Bordeaux mixture. This should be repeated even before the beginning of the north east monsoon.
രാസനിയന്ത്രണം
| Sl.No | Generic Name | Trade Name | Color code | Dosage/litre | Recommendation | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dosage/acre (200 L) | Dosage/hectare (500 L) | ||||||
| 1 | Potassium phosphonate 40 SC | Akomin | Green | 4 ml/litre of water | 800 ml | 2000 ml | |
| 2 | Mancozeb 64 + Metalaxyl 8 WP | Syscon | Blue | 2 g/litre of water | 400 g | 1000 g | Both spraying and soil drenching |
| 3 | Fosetyl-Al 80 WP | Aliette | Green | 2 g/litre of water | 400 g | 1000 ml | Both spraying and soil drenching |
Extremely Toxic
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
